چالش های امریکا و هم پیمانان با کره شمالی و اینده شبه جزیره کره شمالی با نگاهی از نظریه بازی ها

•   آرشیو : نسخه زمستان 1396- جلد اول
•   موضوع : موضوعی تعریف نشده!
• نویسنده/گان : سعید سید اقا بنی هاشمی
•   کلید واژه : s:72:"Keywords: Evolutionary Leadership, Creativity, Organizational Innovation";
•   Title : Investigating the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Creativity and Innovation
•   Abstract :
  s:1196:"Summary
  The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and creativity and innovation in Isfahan Social Security Insurance Organization. is. Using cluster sampling method, first 2 out of 5 branches were selected by accident and then the sample size was determined using regular multi-stage sampling method of 140 people. The data collection method included two researcher-made questionnaires and the MLQ standard. The standard MLQ questionnaire was used to measure transformational leadership and the researcher-made questionnaire with 21 questions was used to measure the components of intrinsic motivation, psychological empowerment, innovation support and creativity. The researcher was evaluated through content validity and its conclusion was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this questionnaire. The correlation coefficient was performed. The research findings showed that leadership is evolving The creativity of individual members through intrinsic motivation, psychological empowerment and protection of innovation and creativity at the individual level and the increment of the followers of innovation in the organization.";
•   مراجع :
  s:25136:"منابع
  1-بهمني،پيمان.(1384).خلاقيت و نوآوري.قابل دسترسي در سايت: http:// bteam6. tripod. com.
  2-شيخ الاسلامي،راضيه و رضويه،اصغر.(1384).پيش بيني خلاقيت دانشجويان دانشگاه شيراز با توجه به متغيرهاي انگيزش بيروني،انگيزش دروني و جنسيت.مجله علوم اجتماعي و انساني دانشگاه شيراز.شماره45. 10-1.
  3-عبداللهي،بيژن.(1385).توانمندسازي روانشناختي.فصلنامه آموزش عالي. شماره 15.13-1.
  4-يوکل،گري.(1382).مديريت و رهبري در سازمان ها(قاسم قنبري،محمد ازگلي،مترجمان).تهران:موسسه چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه امام حسين.
  
  5-Amabile, T., Schatzel, E., Moneta G.,& Kramer S.(2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: perceived leader support. Leadership Quarterly , 15(1):5–32.
  
  6-Avolio,B.J., Zhu,W., Koh,W., & Bhatia,P.(2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 25. 951-968.
  
  7-Berson, Y. ,& Avolio, B. J. (2004). Transformational leadership and the dissemination of organizational goals: A case study of a telecommunication firm. The Leadership Quarterly, 15. 625- 646.
  
  8-Block, L. (2003). The Leadership–culture connection: an exploratory investigation. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 24. 318- 334.
  
  9-Castro, S. L., Schriesheim, Ch. A., Zhou, X. & DeChurch L. A. (2006).An investigation of path-goal and transformational leadership theory predictions at the individual level of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 17.21-38.
  
  10-Conger, J.(1999). Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: an insider's perspective on these developing streams of research. Leadership Quarterly,10(2):145–79.
  
  11-Ergenelia, A. , Goharb, R,& Temirbekovac, Z. (2007). Transformational leadership: Its relationship to culture value dimensions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 31, 703- 724.
  
  12-Gumusluoglu, L. ,& Ilsev, A. (2008). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 1- 13.
  
  13-Horwitz, I. B., Horwitz, S. K., Daram, P., Brandt, M. L., Brunicardi, F.Ch.,& Awad, S. (2008). Transformational, Transactional, and Passive-Avoidant Leadership Characteristics of a Surgical Resident Cohort: Analysis Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Implications for Improving Surgical Education Curriculums. Journal of Surgical Research, 1- 11.
  
  14-Hunt J., Stelluto G., Hooijberg R.(2004). Toward new-wave organization creativity: beyond romance and analogy in the relationship between orchestra-conductor leadership and musician creativity. Leadership Quarterly , 15.145–62.
  
  15-Jung D.,& Chow C. W.(2003). A. The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: hypotheses and some preliminary findings. Leadership Quarterly,14:525–44.
  
  16-Kark, R. (2004). The transformational leader. who is (s) he? A feminist perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17. 160- 176.
  
  17-Koene B., Vogelaar, A.,& Soeters, J.(2002). Leadership effects on organizational climate and financial performance: local leadership effect in chain organizations. Leadership Quarterly , 13:193–215.
  
  17-Elkins T., & Keller, R.(2003). Leadership in research and development organizations: a literature review and conceptual framework. Leadership Quarterly, 14.587–606.
  
  18-Manning, G.,& Curtis, M. K. (2003). The art of leadership. New York: McGraw- Hill higher education.
  Redmond M., Mumford M.,& Teach R.(1993). Putting creativity to work: effects of leader behavior on subordinate creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes .55:120–51.
  
  19-Scott, S., & Bruce, R.(1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal , 37(3):580–607.
  
  20-Sharma , P. ( 2004) .knowledge management. new Delhi: Corporation publishing.
  
  21-Shin S., Zhou J.(2003). Transformational leadership, conservation and creativity:evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal ,46(6).703–14.
  
  22-Spreitzer, G. M., Perttual, K. H. & Xin, K. (2005). Traditionally matters: an examination of the effectiveness of transformational leadership in the United States and Taiwan. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26. 205- 227.
  Spreitzer G.(1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal .38(5):1442–65.
  
  23-Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F. &Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servant leadership: a difference in leader focus. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25. 349- 361.
  منابع
  1-بهمني،پيمان.(1384).خلاقيت و نوآوري.قابل دسترسي در سايت: http:// bteam6. tripod. com.
  2-شيخ الاسلامي،راضيه و رضويه،اصغر.(1384).پيش بيني خلاقيت دانشجويان دانشگاه شيراز با توجه به متغيرهاي انگيزش بيروني،انگيزش دروني و جنسيت.مجله علوم اجتماعي و انساني دانشگاه شيراز.شماره45. 10-1.
  3-عبداللهي،بيژن.(1385).توانمندسازي روانشناختي.فصلنامه آموزش عالي. شماره 15.13-1.
  4-يوکل،گري.(1382).مديريت و رهبري در سازمان ها(قاسم قنبري،محمد ازگلي،مترجمان).تهران:موسسه چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه امام حسين.
  
  5-Amabile, T., Schatzel, E., Moneta G.,& Kramer S.(2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: perceived leader support. Leadership Quarterly , 15(1):5–32.
  
  6-Avolio,B.J., Zhu,W., Koh,W., & Bhatia,P.(2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 25. 951-968.
  
  7-Berson, Y. ,& Avolio, B. J. (2004). Transformational leadership and the dissemination of organizational goals: A case study of a telecommunication firm. The Leadership Quarterly, 15. 625- 646.
  
  8-Block, L. (2003). The Leadership–culture connection: an exploratory investigation. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 24. 318- 334.
  
  9-Castro, S. L., Schriesheim, Ch. A., Zhou, X. & DeChurch L. A. (2006).An investigation of path-goal and transformational leadership theory predictions at the individual level of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 17.21-38.
  
  10-Conger, J.(1999). Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: an insider's perspective on these developing streams of research. Leadership Quarterly,10(2):145–79.
  
  11-Ergenelia, A. , Goharb, R,& Temirbekovac, Z. (2007). Transformational leadership: Its relationship to culture value dimensions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 31, 703- 724.
  
  12-Gumusluoglu, L. ,& Ilsev, A. (2008). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 1- 13.
  
  13-Horwitz, I. B., Horwitz, S. K., Daram, P., Brandt, M. L., Brunicardi, F.Ch.,& Awad, S. (2008). Transformational, Transactional, and Passive-Avoidant Leadership Characteristics of a Surgical Resident Cohort: Analysis Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Implications for Improving Surgical Education Curriculums. Journal of Surgical Research, 1- 11.
  
  14-Hunt J., Stelluto G., Hooijberg R.(2004). Toward new-wave organization creativity: beyond romance and analogy in the relationship between orchestra-conductor leadership and musician creativity. Leadership Quarterly , 15.145–62.
  
  15-Jung D.,& Chow C. W.(2003). A. The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: hypotheses and some preliminary findings. Leadership Quarterly,14:525–44.
  
  16-Kark, R. (2004). The transformational leader. who is (s) he? A feminist perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17. 160- 176.
  
  17-Koene B., Vogelaar, A.,& Soeters, J.(2002). Leadership effects on organizational climate and financial performance: local leadership effect in chain organizations. Leadership Quarterly , 13:193–215.
  
  17-Elkins T., & Keller, R.(2003). Leadership in research and development organizations: a literature review and conceptual framework. Leadership Quarterly, 14.587–606.
  
  18-Manning, G.,& Curtis, M. K. (2003). The art of leadership. New York: McGraw- Hill higher education.
  Redmond M., Mumford M.,& Teach R.(1993). Putting creativity to work: effects of leader behavior on subordinate creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes .55:120–51.
  
  19-Scott, S., & Bruce, R.(1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal , 37(3):580–607.
  
  20-Sharma , P. ( 2004) .knowledge management. new Delhi: Corporation publishing.
  
  21-Shin S., Zhou J.(2003). Transformational leadership, conservation and creativity:evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal ,46(6).703–14.
  
  22-Spreitzer, G. M., Perttual, K. H. & Xin, K. (2005). Traditionally matters: an examination of the effectiveness of transformational leadership in the United States and Taiwan. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26. 205- 227.
  Spreitzer G.(1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal .38(5):1442–65.
  
  23-Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F. &Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servant leadership: a difference in leader focus. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25. 349- 361.
  
  
  
  منابع
  1-بهمني،پيمان.(1384).خلاقيت و نوآوري.قابل دسترسي در سايت: http:// bteam6. tripod. com.
  2-شيخ الاسلامي،راضيه و رضويه،اصغر.(1384).پيش بيني خلاقيت دانشجويان دانشگاه شيراز با توجه به متغيرهاي انگيزش بيروني،انگيزش دروني و جنسيت.مجله علوم اجتماعي و انساني دانشگاه شيراز.شماره45. 10-1.
  3-عبداللهي،بيژن.(1385).توانمندسازي روانشناختي.فصلنامه آموزش عالي. شماره 15.13-1.
  4-يوکل،گري.(1382).مديريت و رهبري در سازمان ها(قاسم قنبري،محمد ازگلي،مترجمان).تهران:موسسه چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه امام حسين.
  
  5-Amabile, T., Schatzel, E., Moneta G.,& Kramer S.(2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: perceived leader support. Leadership Quarterly , 15(1):5–32.
  
  6-Avolio,B.J., Zhu,W., Koh,W., & Bhatia,P.(2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 25. 951-968.
  
  7-Berson, Y. ,& Avolio, B. J. (2004). Transformational leadership and the dissemination of organizational goals: A case study of a telecommunication firm. The Leadership Quarterly, 15. 625- 646.
  
  8-Block, L. (2003). The Leadership–culture connection: an exploratory investigation. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 24. 318- 334.
  
  9-Castro, S. L., Schriesheim, Ch. A., Zhou, X. & DeChurch L. A. (2006).An investigation of path-goal and transformational leadership theory predictions at the individual level of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 17.21-38.
  
  10-Conger, J.(1999). Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: an insider's perspective on these developing streams of research. Leadership Quarterly,10(2):145–79.
  
  11-Ergenelia, A. , Goharb, R,& Temirbekovac, Z. (2007). Transformational leadership: Its relationship to culture value dimensions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 31, 703- 724.
  
  12-Gumusluoglu, L. ,& Ilsev, A. (2008). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 1- 13.
  
  13-Horwitz, I. B., Horwitz, S. K., Daram, P., Brandt, M. L., Brunicardi, F.Ch.,& Awad, S. (2008). Transformational, Transactional, and Passive-Avoidant Leadership Characteristics of a Surgical Resident Cohort: Analysis Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Implications for Improving Surgical Education Curriculums. Journal of Surgical Research, 1- 11.
  
  14-Hunt J., Stelluto G., Hooijberg R.(2004). Toward new-wave organization creativity: beyond romance and analogy in the relationship between orchestra-conductor leadership and musician creativity. Leadership Quarterly , 15.145–62.
  
  15-Jung D.,& Chow C. W.(2003). A. The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: hypotheses and some preliminary findings. Leadership Quarterly,14:525–44.
  
  16-Kark, R. (2004). The transformational leader. who is (s) he? A feminist perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17. 160- 176.
  
  17-Koene B., Vogelaar, A.,& Soeters, J.(2002). Leadership effects on organizational climate and financial performance: local leadership effect in chain organizations. Leadership Quarterly , 13:193–215.
  
  17-Elkins T., & Keller, R.(2003). Leadership in research and development organizations: a literature review and conceptual framework. Leadership Quarterly, 14.587–606.
  
  18-Manning, G.,& Curtis, M. K. (2003). The art of leadership. New York: McGraw- Hill higher education.
  Redmond M., Mumford M.,& Teach R.(1993). Putting creativity to work: effects of leader behavior on subordinate creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes .55:120–51.
  
  19-Scott, S., & Bruce, R.(1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal , 37(3):580–607.
  
  20-Sharma , P. ( 2004) .knowledge management. new Delhi: Corporation publishing.
  
  21-Shin S., Zhou J.(2003). Transformational leadership, conservation and creativity:evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal ,46(6).703–14.
  
  22-Spreitzer, G. M., Perttual, K. H. & Xin, K. (2005). Traditionally matters: an examination of the effectiveness of transformational leadership in the United States and Taiwan. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26. 205- 227.
  Spreitzer G.(1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal .38(5):1442–65.
  
  23-Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F. &Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servant leadership: a difference in leader focus. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25. 349- 361.
  
  منابع
  1-بهمني،پيمان.(1384).خلاقيت و نوآوري.قابل دسترسي در سايت: http:// bteam6. tripod. com.
  2-شيخ الاسلامي،راضيه و رضويه،اصغر.(1384).پيش بيني خلاقيت دانشجويان دانشگاه شيراز با توجه به متغيرهاي انگيزش بيروني،انگيزش دروني و جنسيت.مجله علوم اجتماعي و انساني دانشگاه شيراز.شماره45. 10-1.
  3-عبداللهي،بيژن.(1385).توانمندسازي روانشناختي.فصلنامه آموزش عالي. شماره 15.13-1.
  4-يوکل،گري.(1382).مديريت و رهبري در سازمان ها(قاسم قنبري،محمد ازگلي،مترجمان).تهران:موسسه چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه امام حسين.
  
  5-Amabile, T., Schatzel, E., Moneta G.,& Kramer S.(2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: perceived leader support. Leadership Quarterly , 15(1):5–32.
  
  6-Avolio,B.J., Zhu,W., Koh,W., & Bhatia,P.(2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 25. 951-968.
  
  7-Berson, Y. ,& Avolio, B. J. (2004). Transformational leadership and the dissemination of organizational goals: A case study of a telecommunication firm. The Leadership Quarterly, 15. 625- 646.
  
  8-Block, L. (2003). The Leadership–culture connection: an exploratory investigation. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 24. 318- 334.
  
  9-Castro, S. L., Schriesheim, Ch. A., Zhou, X. & DeChurch L. A. (2006).An investigation of path-goal and transformational leadership theory predictions at the individual level of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 17.21-38.
  
  10-Conger, J.(1999). Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: an insider's perspective on these developing streams of research. Leadership Quarterly,10(2):145–79.
  
  11-Ergenelia, A. , Goharb, R,& Temirbekovac, Z. (2007). Transformational leadership: Its relationship to culture value dimensions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 31, 703- 724.
  
  12-Gumusluoglu, L. ,& Ilsev, A. (2008). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 1- 13.
  
  13-Horwitz, I. B., Horwitz, S. K., Daram, P., Brandt, M. L., Brunicardi, F.Ch.,& Awad, S. (2008). Transformational, Transactional, and Passive-Avoidant Leadership Characteristics of a Surgical Resident Cohort: Analysis Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Implications for Improving Surgical Education Curriculums. Journal of Surgical Research, 1- 11.
  
  14-Hunt J., Stelluto G., Hooijberg R.(2004). Toward new-wave organization creativity: beyond romance and analogy in the relationship between orchestra-conductor leadership and musician creativity. Leadership Quarterly , 15.145–62.
  
  15-Jung D.,& Chow C. W.(2003). A. The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: hypotheses and some preliminary findings. Leadership Quarterly,14:525–44.
  
  16-Kark, R. (2004). The transformational leader. who is (s) he? A feminist perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17. 160- 176.
  
  17-Koene B., Vogelaar, A.,& Soeters, J.(2002). Leadership effects on organizational climate and financial performance: local leadership effect in chain organizations. Leadership Quarterly , 13:193–215.
  
  17-Elkins T., & Keller, R.(2003). Leadership in research and development organizations: a literature review and conceptual framework. Leadership Quarterly, 14.587–606.
  
  18-Manning, G.,& Curtis, M. K. (2003). The art of leadership. New York: McGraw- Hill higher education.
  Redmond M., Mumford M.,& Teach R.(1993). Putting creativity to work: effects of leader behavior on subordinate creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes .55:120–51.
  
  19-Scott, S., & Bruce, R.(1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal , 37(3):580–607.
  
  20-Sharma , P. ( 2004) .knowledge management. new Delhi: Corporation publishing.
  
  21-Shin S., Zhou J.(2003). Transformational leadership, conservation and creativity:evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal ,46(6).703–14.
  
  22-Spreitzer, G. M., Perttual, K. H. & Xin, K. (2005). Traditionally matters: an examination of the effectiveness of transformational leadership in the United States and Taiwan. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26. 205- 227.
  Spreitzer G.(1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal .38(5):1442–65.
  
  23-Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F. &Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servant leadership: a difference in leader focus. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25. 349- 361.
  
  منابع
  1-بهمني،پيمان.(1384).خلاقيت و نوآوري.قابل دسترسي در سايت: http:// bteam6. tripod. com.
  2-شيخ الاسلامي،راضيه و رضويه،اصغر.(1384).پيش بيني خلاقيت دانشجويان دانشگاه شيراز با توجه به متغيرهاي انگيزش بيروني،انگيزش دروني و جنسيت.مجله علوم اجتماعي و انساني دانشگاه شيراز.شماره45. 10-1.
  3-عبداللهي،بيژن.(1385).توانمندسازي روانشناختي.فصلنامه آموزش عالي. شماره 15.13-1.
  4-يوکل،گري.(1382).مديريت و رهبري در سازمان ها(قاسم قنبري،محمد ازگلي،مترجمان).تهران:موسسه چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه امام حسين.
  5-Amabile, T., Schatzel, E., Moneta G.,& Kramer S.(2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: perceived leader support. Leadership Quarterly , 15(1):5–32.
  
  6-Avolio,B.J., Zhu,W., Koh,W., & Bhatia,P.(2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 25. 951-968.
  
  7-Berson, Y. ,& Avolio, B. J. (2004). Transformational leadership and the dissemination of organizational goals: A case study of a telecommunication firm. The Leadership Quarterly, 15. 625- 646.
  
  8-Block, L. (2003). The Leadership–culture connection: an exploratory investigation. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 24. 318- 334.
  
  9-Castro, S. L., Schriesheim, Ch. A., Zhou, X. & DeChurch L. A. (2006).An investigation of path-goal and transformational leadership theory predictions at the individual level of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 17.21-38.
  
  10-Conger, J.(1999). Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: an insider's perspective on these developing streams of research. Leadership Quarterly,10(2):145–79.
  
  11-Ergenelia, A. , Goharb, R,& Temirbekovac, Z. (2007). Transformational leadership: Its relationship to culture value dimensions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 31, 703- 724.
  
  12-Gumusluoglu, L. ,& Ilsev, A. (2008). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 1- 13.
  
  13-Horwitz, I. B., Horwitz, S. K., Daram, P., Brandt, M. L., Brunicardi, F.Ch.,& Awad, S. (2008). Transformational, Transactional, and Passive-Avoidant Leadership Characteristics of a Surgical Resident Cohort: Analysis Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Implications for Improving Surgical Education Curriculums. Journal of Surgical Research, 1- 11.
  
  14-Hunt J., Stelluto G., Hooijberg R.(2004). Toward new-wave organization creativity: beyond romance and analogy in the relationship between orchestra-conductor leadership and musician creativity. Leadership Quarterly , 15.145–62.
  
  15-Jung D.,& Chow C. W.(2003). A. The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: hypotheses and some preliminary findings. Leadership Quarterly,14:525–44.
  
  16-Kark, R. (2004). The transformational leader. who is (s) he? A feminist perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17. 160- 176.
  
  17-Koene B., Vogelaar, A.,& Soeters, J.(2002). Leadership effects on organizational climate and financial performance: local leadership effect in chain organizations. Leadership Quarterly , 13:193–215.
  
  17-Elkins T., & Keller, R.(2003). Leadership in research and development organizations: a literature review and conceptual framework. Leadership Quarterly, 14.587–606.
  
  18-Manning, G.,& Curtis, M. K. (2003). The art of leadership. New York: McGraw- Hill higher education.
  Redmond M., Mumford M.,& Teach R.(1993). Putting creativity to work: effects of leader behavior on subordinate creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes .55:120–51.
  
  19-Scott, S., & Bruce, R.(1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal , 37(3):580–607.
  
  20-Sharma , P. ( 2004) .knowledge management. new Delhi: Corporation publishing.
  
  21-Shin S., Zhou J.(2003). Transformational leadership, conservation and creativity:evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal ,46(6).703–14.
  
  22-Spreitzer, G. M., Perttual, K. H. & Xin, K. (2005). Traditionally matters: an examination of the effectiveness of transformational leadership in the United States and Taiwan. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26. 205- 227.
  Spreitzer G.(1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal .38(5):1442–65.
  
  23-Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F. &Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servant leadership: a difference in leader focus. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25. 349- 361.";
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